SUBMITTED: Monday, September 25, 2006
POSTED: Monday, September 25, 2006
TO Arnie ? Makati, Asia Philiphines.
I have several degrees in accounting, management, marketing, and philosophy. I have taught at the college level. I am a decorated Viet-Nam Marine veteran. I spent 20+ years in the automobile industry as a service manager and controller. I was the controller for a Connecticut based dealership conglomerate with 23 auto franchises. I also have spent 30+ years researching and investigating mlm companies.
I have written a 30 page report on my recent findings of fuel additives and why they will not work. I have posted the meat and potatoes of the report in a condense version with no credits given. If you do some research on the net, I am sure you will find me and the report. I have over $1,000+ dollars invested in this MPG program through advertising and marketing and testing the product.
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PCM Enterprises
WHY FUEL ADDITIVES DON'T WORK
Report By: Professor Patrick Moriarty
Copyright 2006
INTRODUCTION
During the latter part of 2005 it became evident the cost of automobile fuel was
increasing rapidly and would probably continue to rise at a steady pace. Natural disasters and world events will continue to drive the cost of oil upward.
As one's pocket book begins to feel the pinch it is only natural for some to look at alternatives. And others will try almost anything that promises to increase gas mileage by 10, 20, and even 30 percent thus reducing their cost at the gas pump. This is a perfect time for those witch oil peddlers to raise their ugly heads. Scores of new products have surfaced; fuel catalyst, gas patches, gas pills, and others. Their promises of increased mpg will make you feel like a fool if you don't try it.
THEY DON'T WORK! But wait? your car's computer system may be the reason they don't work. Will explain later. And you may be able to correct
this.
This report looks at the late model cars made after 1995 and explains why no matter how good these products are promoted to be they most probably will not work over the long run.
This report was created to give the reader information. Not to convince the reader to use fuel additives or not to use them. There are some in the automobile service industry who will make a general statement like, ?If there was something that would improve gas mileage the auto makers would jump on it.? And there were many who thought the world was flat too!
If something works to increase mpg, let's use it. If it is suppose to work and it doesn't, then let's find out why!
THE TEST
In May of 2006, Professor Moriarty was approach by a very good friend to join a multi-level-marketing program which the main product was a gas pill formulated to increase miles per gallon. There were many testimonies asserting the success of the product. This venture sounded promising. The company's premise was their pill coated the combustion chamber and made the fuel burn more efficiently thus resulting in an increase in mpg. And certainly a big side effect of the efficient fuel burning was lower emissions and cleaner air. The company did not initially send any product. They stated a spike in growth was the reason and production was not able to keep up with demand.
This sounded real good. So Product was purchased from other members in order to test the product. Testers were solicited via and controlling factors. The test results started coming in during the first week of June. A statistical mean mpg was established before testing the vehicles. Each vehicle showed similar results. Almost immediately there was a noticeable increase in power and pep of the vehicle.
Then the mpg increased by 10, 20, and even 30 percent. However, by the third fill up the mpg started to roller coaster up and down and then leveled. The end result was a new statistical mean mpg right above or right below the original mpg statistical mean. The company's response to no improvement in mpg is to state there are many factors that could cause this; weather, driver, driving environment, the type of gas used, and the way the tank was filled. The weather, driver, driving environment, and the type of gas used were dismissed in the equation because the mean statistical mpg average would neutralize their effect. However, the way the tank was filled was problematic. One may not reach the same level filling the tank each time but this too would be neutralized over a long period of time. However in the short run it could affect the results one way or the other.
To control this problem we instituted the following:
1. The same driver must drive all the time during the testing period.
2. The same gas station and the same pump should be used when possible.
3. The gallons pumped would be recorded when the pump automatically was triggered off. Then the tank would be capped off until the driver could see gas in the neck and the gallons pumped would be recorded.
4. The difference in the two figures would be calculated and used as an adjustment gage if necessary.
Two of the test vehicles received emission testing. The results showed the following:
1. Each vehicle showed an improvement in power. This improvement remained
constant during the test period.
2. Each vehicle showed an initial improvement of mpg but then a steady decline in mpg with further use of the product during the test period.
3. Each of the two emission tested vehicles showed a decline in emissions remained constant during the test period.
Exhaust Pollutants
Hydrocarbons (HC): Hydrocarbon emissions result when fuel
molecules in the engine do not burn or burn only partially. Hydrocarbons
react in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sunlight to form ground-level
ozone, a major component of smog. Ozone irritates the eyes, damages the
lungs, and aggravates respiratory problems. It is our most widespread and
intractable urban air pollution problem. A number of exhaust
hydrocarbons are also toxic, with the potential to cause cancer.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx): Under the high pressure and temperature
conditions in an engine, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the air react to form
various nitrogen oxides, collectively known as NOx. Nitrogen oxides, like
hydrocarbons, are precursors to the formation of ozone. They also
contribute to the formation of acid rain.
Carbon monoxide (CO): Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion and occurs when carbon in the fuel is partially oxidized rather than fully oxidized to carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide reduces the flow of oxygen in the bloodstream and is particularly dangerous to persons with heart disease.
Carbon dioxide (CO2): In recent years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has started to view carbon dioxide, a product of "perfect" combustion, as a pollution concern. Carbon dioxide does not directly impair human health, but it is a "greenhouse gas" that traps the earth's heat and contributes to the potential for global warming. Evaporative Emissions
Hydrocarbon pollutants also escape into the air through fuel evaporation. With today's efficient exhaust emission controls and modern gasoline formulations, evaporative losses can account for a majority of the total hydrocarbon pollution from current model cars on hot days when ozone levels are highest. Evaporative emissions occur several ways:
Diurnal: Gasoline evaporation increases as the temperature rises during the day, heating the fuel tank and venting gasoline vapors.
Running Losses: The hot engine and exhaust system can vaporize gasoline when the car is running.
Hot Soak: The engine remains hot for a period of time after the car is
turned off, and gasoline evaporation continues when the car is parked.
Refueling: Gasoline vapors are always present in fuel tanks. These
vapors are forced out when the tank is filled with liquid fuel.
Federal standards dictate how much pollution autos may emit, and automakers decide how to achieve the pollution limits. The emission reductions of the 1970's came about because of fundamental improvements in engine design, plus the addition of charcoal canisters to collect hydrocarbon vapors and exhaust gas re-circulation valves to reduce nitrogen oxides. The advent of "first generation" catalytic converters in 1975 significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The use of catalytic converters provided a huge indirect benefit as well. Because lead inactivates the catalyst, 1975 saw the widespread introduction of unleaded gasoline. This resulted in dramatic reductions in
ambient lead levels and alleviated many serious environmental and human health
concerns associated with lead pollution.
The next major milestone in vehicle emission control technology came in 1980-81. In response to tighter standards, manufacturers equipped new cars with even more sophisticated emission control systems. These systems generally include a new catalyst, plus an on board computer and oxygen sensor. This equipment helps optimize the efficiency of the catalytic converter. Efforts by government and industry, since 1970, have greatly reduced typical vehicle emissions. Since then, however, the number of miles we drive has more than doubled. The increase in travel has offset much of the emission control progress.
So the results showed the product worked and didn't work. Since all three major benefits were proven to work and only one of the major benefits (mpg) eventually had a negative effect after continued testing, it was surmised something in the vehicle was affecting the testing. After some additional research the problem pointed to the vehicle's oxygen sensor and a possible way to correct this and make the fuel additives effective.
THE OXYGEN SENSOR
The oxygen sensor monitors the level of oxygen (O2) in the exhaust so an
onboard computer can regulate the air/fuel mixture to reduce emissions. The
sensor is mounted in the exhaust manifold and generates a voltage signal
proportional to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust. The sensing element on
99% of all oxygen sensors in use is a zirconium ceramic bulb coated on both
sides with a thin layer of platinum. The outside of the bulb is exposed to the hot exhaust gases, while the inside of the bulb is vented internally through the sensor body or wiring to the outside atmosphere. Most cars after 1995 will have two oxygen sensors. When the air/fuel mixture is different from the established parameters in the onboard computer the oxygen sensor goes to work. The difference in oxygen levels across the sensing element generates a voltage through the sensor's platinum electrodes: typically 0.8 to 0.9 volts when the air/fuel mixture is rich. When the air/fuel mixture is lean and there is more oxygen in the exhaust, the sensor's voltage drops to 0.1 to 0.3 volts. When the air/fuel mixture is balanced and combustion is cleanest, the sensor's output voltage is around 0.45 volts.
The oxygen sensor's voltage signal is monitored by the onboard engine management computer and then regulates the fuel mixture. When the computer sees a rich signal (high voltage) from the O2 sensor, it commands the fuel mixture to go lean. When the computer receives a lean signal (low voltage) from the O2 sensor, it commands the fuel mixture to go rich. Cycling back and forth from rich to lean averages out the overall air/fuel mixture to minimize emissions and to help the catalytic converter operate at peak efficiency (which is necessary to reduce hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) levels even further). The speed with which the oxygen sensor reacts to oxygen changes in the exhaust is very important for accurate fuel control, peak fuel economy, and low emissions.
The air/fuel mixture in an older carbureted engine doesn't change as quickly as that in a throttle body fuel-injected application, so response time is less critical. But, in newer engines with multipoint fuel injection, the air/fuel mixture can change extremely fast, requiring a very quick response from the o2 sensor. So the main culprit has now been discovered? the oxygen sensor. Can this be corrected in order to make fuel additives work? Yes!
Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer
In researching this problem it was concluded that Eagle-Research had the
best solution in aiding fuel additives to work to their potential. In the past, fuel savers would not work when applied to fuel injection because fuel injection systems are actually designed to prevent efficient combustion!
Increasing the combustion efficiency of an engine increases the exhaust oxygen percentage. Most fuel injection engines use an oxygen sensor to infer the air/fuel ratio of the engine, the increased oxygen content in the exhaust is 'read' by the computer to be a lean mixture in the engine.
The computer then adds extra fuel to bring the pollution back to 'normal'. This problem led to the development of the Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer (EFIE, pronounced Ee-Fy). The EFIE allows you to apply an offset to the voltage coming from the oxygen sensor, so your vehicle's computer is completely unaware that the oxygen
content of the exhaust has increased. Eagle-Research has the EFIE manual, which explains exactly how to build an EFIE using parts from a Radio Shack.
The manual also completely details oxygen sensor function and why the EFIE works. Your Fuel injection system stays original. Note: The cost of buying the components to build your own EFIE is usually greater than just buying the already assembled circuit from Eagle-Research. DISCLAIMER: Installation of an Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer may or may not void your vehicle warranty. You should check your vehicle manual or contact the manufacturer before installing any product that would over-ride or enhance original equipment.
Return On Investment Fuel Savers EFIE device. Now that we have discovered a solution to make our fuel additive work to its potential, let's calculate if it will be cost effective by determining how long it will take to recover the initial cost. We will assume the following:
1. Cost of purchasing two EIFE systems????..$120
2. Cost of installation of EIFE systems?????$ 60
3. Cost of Fuel Additive (MPG-Caps) each???.$ 2
4. The first two fill ups uses two caplets each.??.$ 4
5. Vehicle is driven 200 miles each week.
6. Vehicle is filled up weekly.
7. Vehicle is capped when filling up.
8. Beginning average mpg before product is 25 mpg.
9. Product produces an increase of mpg by 15 percent.
10. The cost of gas is $3.00 per gallon.
Prior to using the fuel additive our cost on the fill up is $24.00. The first tank two caplets are used and the results are the 15% increase to 28.75 mpg. The fill up is $20.88 plus $4.00 for the caplets on the first two fill ups. After the first two fill ups the cost is $20.88 plus $2.00 for the caplets. Eighty-eight cents for each of the first two fill ups is now added to our cost. The total cost needed to recoup is $181.76.
On the third fill up there is now a savings of $3.12. At this rate it will take 59 additional fill ups to break even on the initial investment. The ROI is one year and seven weeks. After that you will save $162.24 each year. You have to decide if it is worth it. Is it worth it to save money and protect the environment?
This report does not endorse any fuel additives. However, if you want a fuel additive to work you will have to condition your vehicle. You may find that even after the conditioning some fuel additives or engine conditioners still won't work.